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Refaat El-Sayed (born 11 February 1946 in Egypt) is a businessman of Egyptian and Swedish nationality, who made most of his career in Sweden. At the beginning of the 1980s, he took command of a small biotech company, Fermenta, which he quickly turned into one of the success stories of the Stockholm stock exchange. El-Sayed soon became Sweden's richest man, and made the fortune of his employees and shareholders. A charismatic leader, he was a favourite of the media, and in December 1985 he was named « Swede of the year » by the TV news program ''Rapport''. The following month, Fermenta announced a partnership with Swedish industrial giant Volvo. El-Sayed was at the peak of his fame. The fall from grace was brutal: just one month later, El-Sayed was accused of lying about his academic qualifications, as he had falsely asserted he was a Doctor of Science. The partnership with Volvo was broken, and the Stockholm stock exchange started an investigation into possible wrongdoings. El-Sayed permanently stepped down as Fermenta's CEO at the end of 1986, before he was forced into personal bankruptcy, and eventually sentenced to six years in prison for fraud and insider trading. Released from jail in 1992, El-Sayed became the CEO of another biotech company, Hebi Health Care, which went bankrupt in 2011. In 2012, he was wanted by Interpol for fraud. == Early life == Refaat El-Sayed was born 11 February 1946 in a small town in Northern Egypt. As a teenager, he showed an early interest in microbiology.〔 02:16 - 02:24 : ''Refaat El-Sayed föddes 1946...〕 He immigrated to Sweden in 1966, and started working as a laboratory assistant at the Fiskeby paper mill in Norrköping. He then resumed his studies, at first in Stockholm, before joining the University of Agricultural Sciences at Ultuna near Uppsala.〔 02:50 - 03:11 : ''1966 kommer Refaat till Sverige...''〕 After a few years, he left Sweden for the United States, where he worked as a consultant for SDS Biotech, and studied at UC Davis in California. This helped him build a relationship network, which would become handy in later stages of his career. His ambition was to start a biotechnology company, and to develop his inventions and patents in the field of water purification. In the mid-1970s, he acquired his first company, which he renamed Mikrokem.〔 04:12 - 05:05 : ''Efter det ägnar Refaat tid åt att resa...''〕 In 1981, he turned his attention to Fermenta, a subsidiary of Astra located in Strängnäs near Stockholm. Fermenta's main output was raw materials used for the production of antibiotics, an activity considered at the time of low strategic value. It was an ageing, money losing business, which Astra was eager to get rid of. El-Sayed became the new owner after taking a loan of one million kronor from Handelsbanken. But in order to develop itself, Fermenta needed even more money, and El-Sayed decided to go public, at a time that marked the start of a bull run for the Stockholm stock exchange.〔 10:21 - 12:45 : ''1981 får Refaat upp ögonen på...''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Refaat El-Sayed」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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